Rider trainingGroup Riding

Group Riding · Rider guide

Group Riding and Etiquette

How to ride safely and efficiently in a group, how to communicate, and how to rotate through the three formations we use as a club.

Time

About 10 minutes

Audience

All members

Format

Etiquette · Safety · Formations

Why ride in a peloton

01

Reduced drag.

Sheltering in the group cuts wind resistance significantly compared to riding solo.

02

Greater efficiency.

Same speed, less effort. Up to thirty percent less work for riders behind the front.

03

Tactical awareness.

Sitting near the front lets you see and react to changes in pace before they reach the back.

04

Collective safety.

More eyes on the road. Hazards get spotted, signalled and avoided as a group.

05

Better performance.

The group covers more ground for less fatigue. Everyone finishes stronger.

Smooth is fast. Predictable is safe. When you wear London Dynamo kit you represent the club to every road user you meet. Ride within the Highway Code, communicate clearly, and hold your line.

What you’ll cover

01

Read chapter

02

Read chapter

03

Read chapter

04

Read chapter

05

Read chapter

06

Read chapter

Chapter 01

Riding Etiquette

How you ride in club kit shapes the public’s view of London Dynamo and of cyclists in general. Hold yourself to a higher standard.

01

Highway Code

Always follow the Highway Code.

This is true even more so when wearing London Dynamo kit. Illegal or anti-social cycling damages our reputation and the reputation of cyclists in general.

02

Red lights

Never jump a red light.

Especially in club kit. This is a sanctionable offence under London Dynamo’s rules.

03

Conditions

Adjust your speed to the conditions.

Wet roads, traffic, ice, fog, low light. The group’s pace is not fixed. Read the conditions and ride accordingly.

04

Respect

Respect other road users.

Try not to rise to provocations. The club is judged by the rider who responds badly, not by the ten who let it go.

05

Maintenance

Maintain your bike.

Brakes, tyres, drivetrain. A mechanical at speed in a group puts other riders down with you. Carry sufficient water, food and spares.

06

Helmet

Always wear a helmet.

Non-negotiable on every London Dynamo ride.

07

Lights

Use lights in low light.

Front and rear. Once there is enough daylight, turn rear lights off in tight formations such as Park Ride groups, to avoid blinding the riders behind you.

08

Manners

Do not spit or blow snot near other riders.

Not ahead, not upwind, not anywhere near other riders or members of the public. This applies to the entire ride, not just the moment.

Chapter 02

Important Safety Notes

Five safety patterns that prevent the most common group-riding crashes. Internalise these before worrying about formations.

01

Group size

Keep the group to no more than eight riders.

Larger groups are harder to control, more likely to suffer communication breakdowns, and more likely to crash if something unexpected happens at the front. Gravel rides may need smaller groups.

02

Half-wheeling

Never overlap your front wheel with the wheel ahead.

Half-wheeling is one of the most dangerous things you can do in a group. A small touch of wheels almost always puts the rider behind on the floor. Stay fully behind the wheel in front. The only rider alongside you is your Two-Up partner, level with you and never overlapping.

03

Horses

Walking pace and a wide berth around horses.

Slow right down whether overtaking them or passing on the other side of the road. Give a very wide berth and try not to shout. Horses are easily startled and a spooked horse is a serious hazard for everyone.

04

Overtaking

When you lead an overtake, you decide for the whole group.

If you are at the front you are making the overtake decision for everyone behind you. They follow your wheel. Only call it when you know the entire group can get past safely. Allow at least 1.5m for cyclists, more for horses.

05

Staying out

Stay out until the whole group plus a buffer has passed.

Do not cut back left as soon as you personally clear the rider being overtaken. Think of the group as a long-wheelbase vehicle towing a trailer. Stay out for the trailer too.

Chapter 03

Group Riding Principles

The five C’s. Concentration, consistency, communication, collective responsibility, constructive feedback. Get these right and the formations look after themselves.

01

Concentration

Concentrate. Watch the rider, not their wheel.

Pay attention to what is happening ahead and around you. Bicycles do not have brake lights. You will learn far more from a rider’s body language than from staring at their spinning rear tyre. Anticipate, do not react.

02

Consistency

Hold your line. Hold your position. Hold the pace.

Do not veer left or right. Stay in line with the rider next to you. When at the front, keep a steady pace. Accelerating into your pull, or decelerating at the end of it, both ruin group dynamics.

03

Smoothness

Pedal smoothly. Do not surge.

Soft-pedal rather than freewheeling unless you need to brake. Smooth is fast. On a downhill, riders at the front should keep pedalling so those behind do not have to brake.

04

Braking

Do not grab your brakes.

Doing so almost guarantees the rider behind will collide with you. If you must brake, ease and shout ‘slowing’ or ‘stopping’.

05

Out of the saddle

Do not throw your wheel out of the saddle.

When you stand on the pedals your bike can move backwards and clip the rider behind. Move your body weight forward and keep pressure on the downstroke as you stand.

06

Overcompensation

Do not overcompensate.

When a rider ahead moves or brakes, the instinct is to repeat the action with interest. A small movement at the front becomes a dramatic movement at the back. Damp the response, do not amplify it.

07

Communication

Communicate. Repeat signals down the group.

Use both hand and verbal signals for hazards. If you see or hear one, repeat it so it reaches the riders behind or ahead of you. A separate module covers the specific signals in detail.

08

Collective responsibility

You are responsible for the group, not just yourself.

You may notice things before the ride leader. A rider falling off the back, an unsafe move, a hazard the front cannot see. Act on it.

09

Feedback

Give and receive feedback constructively.

Be ready to point out when a club member is not following this guidance. Be equally ready to receive that feedback yourself. The club only holds these standards if every member focuses on them.

Chapter 04

Two-Up Formation

Two parallel lines, riders rotating on the call CHANGE ONE. The default starting formation for Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday rides.

01

Formation

Two parallel lines, riding alongside each other.

Pairs ride next to each other, as close to the riders in front as both are comfortable with. Some groups stay in Two-Up the whole ride; others switch into Through and Off when the leader calls it.

Diagram · Two-Up rotation

Anti-clockwise. Front-right moves left, back-left moves right.

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL12345678LEFT LANE · INSIDE · SLOWS BRIEFLYRIGHT LANE · OUTSIDE · SHUFFLES UPCHANGE ONE!ANTI-CLOCKWISE ROTATION ON THE CALL

Left lane (inside · slows briefly)

Right lane (outside · shuffles up)

Direction of rotation on CHANGE ONE

02

The call

Rotation is announced. The shout is CHANGE ONE.

Either of the riders at the front calls CHANGE ONE when it is time to rotate. The whole group then shifts position anti-clockwise by one place.

03

Front rotation

Front-left rider eases. Front-right moves across.

On CHANGE ONE the front rider on the left lane (the inside, kerb-side lane) eases pace slightly. The front rider on the right lane (outside lane) moves left into the inside lane.

04

CLEAR call

The inside rider calls 'CLEAR' when wheels are safe.

The front-right rider only moves across once the easing front-left (inside) rider gives the verbal CLEAR. This avoids a wheel-touch on the change.

05

Right lane up

The next rider on the right moves up.

The rider behind the now-departed front-right rider moves forward to ride alongside the new front-left rider. The right lane shuffles up.

06

Back rotation

Back of the left lane moves right.

The rider at the back of the inside lane drops onto the back of the outside lane. The rotation is complete.

07

CHANGE TWO

CHANGE TWO rotates everyone two places.

Less common but useful when the leader wants to refresh the front quickly. The same rules apply, repeated.

Chapter 05

Through and Off

Also known as a Chain Gang. Constant fluid rotation, no shouting. The Saturday Park Ride formation.

01

Park Ride route

On the Saturday Park Ride, switch to Through and Off at the Richmond exit roundabout.

Leave the Pen Ponds car park in Two-Up. Descend the White Lodge hill, turn left at Sheen Gate roundabout and climb steadily up Sawyers Hill. At the Richmond exit roundabout at the top, switch into Through and Off for the laps of the park. The ride is about 3.5 laps, though riders often call it 4.

Diagram · Through and Off

Right lane 1-2 kph faster than left. Constant fluid rotation, no calls.

DIRECTION OF TRAVELLEFT LANE · SLOW · INSIDERIGHT LANE · 1-2 KPH FASTER · OUTSIDEEASE PACEACCELERATECONSTANT · NO CALLSFLUID ROTATION DRIVEN BY THE LANE-SPEED DIFFERENCE

Left lane · slow · inside

Right lane · 1-2 kph faster · outside

Rotation, driven by lane-speed difference

02

No calls

Constant rotation. No verbal calls.

Two parallel lanes, anti-clockwise rotation as in Two-Up, but the changes are constant and fluid. No CHANGE ONE shout. The pace difference between lanes drives the rotation by itself.

Diagram · Through and Off

Right lane 1-2 kph faster than left. Constant fluid rotation, no calls.

DIRECTION OF TRAVELLEFT LANE · SLOW · INSIDERIGHT LANE · 1-2 KPH FASTER · OUTSIDEEASE PACEACCELERATECONSTANT · NO CALLSFLUID ROTATION DRIVEN BY THE LANE-SPEED DIFFERENCE

Left lane · slow · inside

Right lane · 1-2 kph faster · outside

Rotation, driven by lane-speed difference

03

Lane speeds

Right lane moves 1-2 kph faster than the left.

The outside (right hand) lane is the fast lane. The inside (left hand) lane is the slow lane. Riders on the right pass the left lane steadily.

04

Off the front

Front of the right lane moves left.

When you reach the front of the outside lane, move across into the front of the inside lane and ease pace slightly to match the inside-lane rhythm.

05

On the back

Back of the left lane moves right.

When you reach the back of the inside lane, accelerate slightly and move across into the back of the outside lane to begin your move forward again.

06

Accelerate low

Accelerate at the back of the right lane, NOT at the front.

When you join the outside lane, do your acceleration there, not when you are near the front. Rely on the inside lane being slower to carry you up. If you accelerate at the front the whole gang gets faster and faster until it breaks.

07

Pull through

Pull all the way through before easing.

Keep your pace until you are completely off the front. Another rider is moving up on the outside; do not make them swerve. Once back on the left, ease very slightly to settle into the slow lane.

08

Shallow lines

Be subtle. Keep your lines shallow.

When moving left or right, keep the change of direction shallow. A sharp move puts you into the wheel of the rider ahead or behind, depending on which way you are going.

09

Look up

Look up. Do not stare at the wheel ahead.

Anticipate, do not react. Try not to use your brakes. If you must, shout ‘slowing’ or ‘stopping’ so the riders behind expect it.

10

Smooth

Smooth is fast. No surges of power.

Surges create gaps and break the rhythm. A steady, smooth rotation moves the group faster than a series of accelerations.

11

LAST RIDER

Communicate. Call LAST RIDER on the back.

The last rider passing the last rider on the inside lane should say LAST RIDER, telling them it is time to join the outside lane. Also warn of hazards or stops.

Chapter 06

Paceline

A single line. Used in fast training rides and races, and called by the leader when narrow or busy roads make Through and Off unsafe.

01

Single file

Single line. Each rider takes a turn at the front.

Length of the turn varies with speed, wind, conditions and fitness. Short turns when it is windy, longer when sheltered.

02

Elbow flick

Signal off the front with an elbow flick.

Also known as the chicken wing. Flick the elbow on the side you want the group to come around you on, NOT the side you are swinging off to.

Diagram · Paceline elbow flick

Flick the elbow on the side you want the group to pass on.

DIRECTION OF TRAVELFRLEFT ELBOW FLICKSINGLE LINE · EACH RIDER PULLSFLICK THE ELBOW ON THE SIDE YOU WANT THE GROUP TO PASSLeft flick = pass on the left, swing right. Right flick = pass on the right, swing left.

Single line · each rider pulls

Front rider, signalling off

Elbow flick + path of group passing

03

Pass left

Want them to pass on the left? Flick the left elbow and move right.

Riders pass you on the inside lane. Useful when there is wind from the right or no traffic concerns on the inside.

04

Pass right

Want them to pass on the right? Check space, flick the right elbow, move left.

Riders pass you on the outside lane. Make sure you have room to move left before flicking. The correct side depends on conditions: other riders, wind, road position.

05

Onto the back

Ease pace and slot onto the back.

Once off the front, ease slightly to let the line pass, then slot onto the back. Do not fall back too far; you will struggle to get back on.

Module summary

Concentrate.
Be consistent.
Communicate.

Group riding is a skill. Learn the etiquette, hold your wheel, signal hazards, and rotate cleanly. The group is faster and safer when every rider does these things well.

Chapters recap

Chapter 01

Chapter 04

Chapter 05

Chapter 06

Quick reference · Group-riding rules

  1. Always follow the Highway Code. Never jump a red light in club kit.
  2. Wear a helmet. Use front and rear lights in low light.
  3. Turn rear lights off in tight Park Ride formations.
  4. Maximum group size is eight. Smaller on gravel.
  5. Never overlap your front wheel with the rear wheel ahead.
  6. Slow to walking pace and give horses a wide berth.
  7. Overtake only when the whole group can pass safely.
  8. Stay out in the road until the entire group plus a buffer has passed.
  9. Watch the rider, not their wheel.
  10. Hold your line, your position, and the pace.
  11. Pedal smoothly. Do not surge, freewheel, or grab brakes.
  12. Repeat hand and verbal signals down the group.
  13. Two-Up: rotate on the call CHANGE ONE.
  14. Through and Off: right hand lane is faster, left hand lane is slower. Constant rotation, no shouting.
  15. Paceline: elbow flick on the side you want them to pass.

Recommended viewing

Further reading

GCN publishes two strong tutorials on group riding. Watch both before your first Park Ride.

Two London Dynamo women cyclists
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